Let there be images

README.md

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Low cortisol crossplatform RHI (Rendering Hardware Interface)
 - Fire and forget
 - Dead simple + Performance + Flexible
 - Handles
+- Auto managed
 
 ## Architecture
 ```text
@@ -27,6 +28,72 @@ src/rhi/vulkan/vulkan.zig
 src/rhi/vulkan/resource.zig
   └─ Adapter / Device / Shader
 ```
+| Function            | Description                                                       |
+| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `makeX(...)`        | Creates an RHI resource and returns its handle                    |
+| `deleteX(handle)`   | Releases the resource and removes it from the resource pool       |
+| `releaseX(handle)`  | Releases the resource without removing it from the resource pool  |
+| `getRawVkX(handle)` | Returns the backend-specific raw Vulkan GPU handle                |
+
+## Example
+### Core
+```zig
+const adapter = try gfx.makeAdapter(.{});
+const surface = try gfx.makeSurface();
+const device = try gfx.makeDevice(adapter, surface);
+const swapchain = try gfx.makeSwapchain(adapter, device, surface);
+```
+### Buffers
+```zig
+const vbuf = try gfx.makeBuffer(vertices, .vertex, adapter, device);
+const ibuf = try gfx.makeBuffer(indices, .index, adapter, device);
+```
+### Shaders
+```zig
+const simple_vert = try gfx.makeShader("examples/assets/shaders/compiled/simple.vert.spv", device);
+const simple_frag = try gfx.makeShader("examples/assets/shaders/compiled/simple.frag.spv", device);
+```
+### Pipelines
+```zig
+const pipeline = try gfx.makePipeline(.{
+  .vertex_attributes = &.{
+    .{ .location = 0, .format = .vec2, .offset = @offsetOf(Vertex, "pos") },
+    .{ .location = 1, .format = .vec2, .offset = @offsetOf(Vertex, "normal") },
+    .{ .location = 2, .format = .vec2, .offset = @offsetOf(Vertex, "uv") },
+  },
+  .vertex_binding = .{ .stride = @sizeOf(Vertex) },
+
+  .uniforms = &.{
+    .{ .name = "material", .offset = 0, .size = @sizeOf(UnlitMaterial) },
+  },
+
+  .textures = &.{texture},
+
+  .blend_mode = .alpha,
+
+  .vert_shader = simple_vert,
+  .frag_shader = simple_frag,
+
+  .device = device,
+  .swapchain = swapchain,
+});
+```
+### Render Pass
+```zig
+if (gfx.beginPass(swapchain, .{
+  .clear_color = .{ 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 1.0 },
+})) |pass| {
+  defer pass.end();
+
+  try vbuf.bind();
+  try ibuf.bind();
+
+  try pipeline.setUniform("material", material);
+
+  try pipeline.bind();
+  pass.drawIndexed(indices.len, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+```
 
 ## Examples
 - ```zig build run-simple```

build.zig

@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) !void {
     mod.addImport("vulkan", vulkan.createModule());
     mod.linkSystemLibrary("vulkan", .{});
 
+    const stb_image = b.addTranslateC(.{
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+        .root_source_file = b.path("./src/vendor/stb_image/stb_image.h"),
+    });
+    mod.addImport("stb_image", stb_image.createModule());
+    mod.addCSourceFile(.{ .file = b.path("src/vendor/stb_image/stb_image.c") });
+
     //
     // EXAMPLES
     //
@@ -107,5 +115,8 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) !void {
 
         const example_build_step = b.addInstallArtifact(example, .{});
         example_step.dependOn(&example_build_step.step);
+
+        const check_step = b.step("check", "Check if compiles");
+        check_step.dependOn(&example.step);
     }
 }

compile.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 clear
-glslc assets/shaders/simple.vert -o assets/shaders/compiled/simple.vert.spv
-glslc assets/shaders/simple.frag -o assets/shaders/compiled/simple.frag.spv
+glslc examples/assets/shaders/simple.vert -o examples/assets/shaders/compiled/simple.vert.spv
+glslc examples/assets/shaders/simple.frag -o examples/assets/shaders/compiled/simple.frag.spv

examples/assets/shaders/simple.frag

@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 #version 450
 
+//
+// IO
+//
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 in_UV;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_color;
+
+//
+// UNIFORMS
+//
+
 layout(binding = 0) uniform UnlitMaterial {
   vec4 albedo;
 } material;
 
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+layout(binding = 1) uniform sampler2D albedo_texture;
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
 void main() {
-  outColor = material.albedo;
+  out_color = texture(albedo_texture, in_UV);
 }

examples/assets/shaders/simple.vert

@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 #version 450
 
-layout(binding = 0) uniform UnlitMaterial {
-  vec4 albedo;
-} material;
+//
+// IO
+//
 
-layout(location = 0) in vec2 inPosition;
-layout(location = 1) in vec2 inNormal;
-layout(location = 2) in vec2 inUV;
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 in_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec2 in_normal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_UV;
 
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 out_UV;
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
 void main() {
-  gl_Position = vec4(inPosition, 0.0, 1.0);
+  gl_Position = vec4(in_position, 0.0, 1.0);
+  out_UV = in_UV;
 }

examples/simple/simple.zig

@@ -83,6 +83,12 @@ pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
     const device = try gfx.makeDevice(adapter, surface);
     const swapchain = try gfx.makeSwapchain(adapter, device, surface);
 
+    // --- TEXTURES ---
+    const texture = try gfx.makeTexture(.{
+        .image = .{ .path = "examples/assets/textures/texture.jpg" },
+        .sampler = .{ .min_filter = .linear, .address_u = .repeat },
+    }, adapter, device);
+
     // --- BUFFERS ---
     const vbuf = try gfx.makeBuffer(vertices, .vertex, adapter, device);
     const ibuf = try gfx.makeBuffer(indices, .index, adapter, device);
@@ -104,6 +110,10 @@ pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
             .{ .name = "material", .offset = 0, .size = @sizeOf(UnlitMaterial) },
         },
 
+        .textures = &.{texture},
+
+        .blend_mode = .alpha,
+
         .vert_shader = simple_vert,
         .frag_shader = simple_frag,
 

src/gfx.zig

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
-const common = @import("rhi/root.zig");
+const common = @import("rhi/common.zig");
 const Handle = gtl.Handle;
 const Self = @This();
 
@@ -16,14 +16,20 @@ const RenderPassConfig = common.RenderPassConfig;
 const PipelineConfig = common.PipelineConfig;
 const BufferUsage = common.BufferUsage;
 const Pass = common.Pass;
+const ImageConfig = common.ImageConfig;
+const SamplerConfig = common.SamplerConfig;
+const TextureConfig = common.TextureConfig;
 
 // --- HANDLES ---
-const Window = @import("rhi/root.zig").Window;
+const Window = common.Window;
 const Adapter = common.Adapter;
 const Device = common.Device;
 const Buffer = common.Buffer;
 const Surface = common.Surface;
 const Swapchain = common.Swapchain;
+const Image = common.Image;
+const Sampler = common.Sampler;
+const Texture = common.Texture;
 
 const Shader = common.Shader;
 const Pipeline = common.Pipeline;
@@ -111,10 +117,27 @@ pub fn makeDevice(
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
-pub fn destroyDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) !void {
-    try switch (self.ctx) {
-        .vulkan => |*v| v.destroyDevice(device),
-    };
+pub fn deleteDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) void {
+    switch (self.ctx) {
+        .vulkan => |*v| v.deleteDevice(device),
+    }
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn releaseDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) void {
+    switch (self.ctx) {
+        .vulkan => |*v| v.releaseDevice(device),
+    }
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn getRAWVKDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) ?*vk.VkDevice_T {
+    switch (self.ctx) {
+        .vulkan => |*v| return v.getRAWDevice(device),
+    }
+    return null;
 }
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -195,6 +218,44 @@ pub fn makePipeline(self: *Self, config: PipelineConfig) !Pipeline {
     };
 }
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn makeImage(
+    self: *Self,
+    config: ImageConfig,
+    adapter: Handle(Adapter),
+    device: Handle(Device),
+) !Handle(Image) {
+    return try switch (self.ctx) {
+        .vulkan => |*v| v.makeImage(config, adapter, device),
+    };
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn makeSampler(
+    self: *Self,
+    config: SamplerConfig,
+    device: Handle(Device),
+) !Handle(Sampler) {
+    return try switch (self.ctx) {
+        .vulkan => |*v| v.makeSampler(config, device),
+    };
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn makeTexture(
+    self: *Self,
+    config: TextureConfig,
+    adapter: Handle(Adapter),
+    device: Handle(Device),
+) !Handle(Texture) {
+    return try switch (self.ctx) {
+        .vulkan => |*v| v.makeTexture(config, adapter, device),
+    };
+}
+
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn beginFrame(

src/rhi/common.zig

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! ----------------------------------------------------
+//! Shared Handles and Configs across every backend
 //! ----------------------------------------------------
 
-const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
 const Gfx = @import("../gfx.zig");
 const Handle = gtl.Handle;
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub const Window = union(enum) {
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
-pub const GpuType = enum {
+pub const GPUType = enum {
     any,
     discrete,
     integrated,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub const GpuType = enum {
 pub const AdapterConfig = struct {
     /// Preferred class of GPU
     /// `.any` disables filtering by class
-    gpu_type: GpuType = .discrete,
+    gpu_type: GPUType = .discrete,
 
     /// Select the adapter at a specific enumeration index
     /// `null` picks the first suitable one
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ pub const PipelineConfig = struct {
     vertex_attributes: []const VertexAttribute = &.{},
 
     uniforms: []const UniformDesc = &.{},
+    textures: []const Handle(Texture) = &.{},
 
     topology: enum {
         triangle_list,
@@ -127,6 +128,11 @@ pub const PipelineConfig = struct {
         ccw,
         cw,
     } = .cw,
+
+    blend_mode: enum {
+        none,
+        alpha,
+    } = .none,
 };
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -135,6 +141,8 @@ pub const Pass = struct {
     swapchain: Handle(Swapchain),
     gfx: *Gfx,
 
+    /// ----------------------------------------------------
+    /// ----------------------------------------------------
     pub fn end(self: *const Pass) void {
         switch (self.gfx.ctx) {
             .vulkan => |*v| v.endRendering(self.swapchain),
@@ -145,7 +153,7 @@ pub const Pass = struct {
     /// ----------------------------------------------------
     pub fn draw(self: *const Pass, vertex_count: u32, instance_count: u32, first_vertex: u32, first_instance: u32) void {
         switch (self.gfx.ctx) {
-            .vulkan => |*v| v.draw(vertex_count, instance_count, first_vertex, first_instance) catch {},
+            .vulkan => |*v| v.draw(vertex_count, instance_count, first_vertex, first_instance),
         }
     }
 
@@ -153,12 +161,7 @@ pub const Pass = struct {
     /// ----------------------------------------------------
     pub fn drawIndexed(self: *const Pass, index_count: u32, instance_count: u32, first_index: u32, vertex_offset: i32, first_instance: u32) void {
         switch (self.gfx.ctx) {
-            .vulkan => |*v| {
-                const frame = v.currentFrame();
-                if (frame.cmd_buf) |cmd| {
-                    vk.vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, index_count, instance_count, first_index, vertex_offset, first_instance);
-                }
-            },
+            .vulkan => |*v| v.drawIndexed(index_count, instance_count, first_index, vertex_offset, first_instance),
         }
     }
 };
@@ -193,6 +196,7 @@ pub const RenderPassConfig = struct {
 pub const BufferUsage = enum {
     vertex,
     index,
+    image,
 };
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -201,6 +205,84 @@ pub const BufferSharingMode = enum {
     exclusive,
 };
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const PixelFormat = enum {
+    rgba8_unorm,
+    rgba8_srgb,
+    bgra8_unorm,
+    bgra8_srgb,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const Filter = enum {
+    nearest,
+    linear,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const MipmapMode = enum {
+    nearest,
+    linear,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const AddressMode = enum {
+    repeat,
+    mirrored_repeat,
+    clamp_to_edge,
+    clamp_to_border,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const ImageUsage = enum {
+    texture,
+    render_target,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const ImageConfig = struct {
+    /// Read a file from disk with `stb_image`
+    path: ?[]const u8 = null,
+
+    /// Raw pixel bytes (overrides `path`)
+    data: ?[]const u8 = null,
+
+    /// Required for `.data`. `null` = use source dimensions
+    size: ?[2]u32 = null,
+
+    format: PixelFormat = .rgba8_srgb,
+    usage: ImageUsage = .texture,
+    mip_levels: u32 = 1,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const SamplerConfig = struct {
+    min_filter: Filter = .linear,
+    mag_filter: Filter = .linear,
+    mipmap_mode: MipmapMode = .linear,
+    address_u: AddressMode = .repeat,
+    address_v: AddressMode = .repeat,
+    address_w: AddressMode = .repeat,
+    max_anisotropy: f32 = 1.0,
+    max_lod: f32 = 0,
+};
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub const TextureConfig = struct {
+    image: ImageConfig = .{},
+    sampler: SamplerConfig = .{},
+};
+
 //
 // HANDLE TYPES
 //
@@ -227,19 +309,7 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
 
     pub fn bind(self: *const Buffer) !void {
         switch (self.gfx.ctx) {
-            .vulkan => |*v| {
-                const raw = v.resource.buffers.get(self.handle) orelse return error.BufferNotFound;
-                const frame = v.currentFrame();
-                if (frame.cmd_buf) |cmd| {
-                    const buffers = [_]vk.VkBuffer{raw.raw};
-                    const offsets = [_]vk.VkDeviceSize{0};
-
-                    switch (raw.usage) {
-                        .vertex => vk.vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd, 0, 1, &buffers, &offsets),
-                        .index => vk.vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(cmd, raw.raw, 0, vk.VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32),
-                    }
-                }
-            },
+            .vulkan => |*v| try v.bindBuffer(self.handle),
         }
     }
 };
@@ -247,6 +317,7 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
 pub const Image = struct {};
 pub const ImageView = struct {};
 pub const Sampler = struct {};
+pub const Texture = struct {};
 
 pub const Shader = struct {};
 pub const PipelineLayout = struct {};

src/rhi/vulkan/instance.zig

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const Resource = @import("resource.zig");
-const Window = @import("../root.zig").Window;
+const Window = @import("../common.zig").Window;
 const MainConfig = @import("../../gfx.zig").Config;
 const Self = @This();
 

src/rhi/vulkan/resource.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const std = @import("std");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
-const common = @import("../root.zig");
+const common = @import("../common.zig");
 const Instance = @import("instance.zig");
 const Self = @This();
 
@@ -30,17 +30,31 @@ const Pipeline = common.Pipeline;
 const PipelineLayout = common.PipelineLayout;
 const VKPipeline = @import("resource/pipeline.zig");
 
+const Image = common.Image;
+const VKImage = @import("resource/image.zig");
+
+const Sampler = common.Sampler;
+const VKSampler = @import("resource/sampler.zig");
+
+const Texture = common.Texture;
+const VKTexture = @import("resource/texture.zig");
+
 //
 // FIELDS
 //
 
 adapters: gtl.ResourceMap(Adapter, VKAdapter),
 devices: gtl.ResourceMap(Device, VKDevice),
-buffers: gtl.ResourceMap(Buffer, VKBuffer),
 
 surfaces: gtl.ResourceMap(Surface, VKSurface),
 swapchains: gtl.ResourceMap(Swapchain, VKSwapchain),
 
+buffers: gtl.ResourceMap(Buffer, VKBuffer),
+images: gtl.ResourceMap(Image, VKImage),
+
+samplers: gtl.ResourceMap(Sampler, VKSampler),
+textures: gtl.ResourceMap(Texture, VKTexture),
+
 shaders: gtl.ResourceMap(Shader, VKShader),
 pipelines: gtl.ResourceMap(Pipeline, VKPipeline),
 
@@ -50,11 +64,16 @@ pub fn init(alloc: std.mem.Allocator) Self {
     return .{
         .adapters = .init(alloc),
         .devices = .init(alloc),
-        .buffers = .init(alloc),
 
         .surfaces = .init(alloc),
         .swapchains = .init(alloc),
 
+        .buffers = .init(alloc),
+        .images = .init(alloc),
+
+        .samplers = .init(alloc),
+        .textures = .init(alloc),
+
         .shaders = .init(alloc),
         .pipelines = .init(alloc),
     };
@@ -98,6 +117,30 @@ pub fn deinit(
         self.pipelines.deinit();
     }
 
+    { // FREE IMAGES
+        var it = self.images.valueIterator();
+        while (it.next()) |v| {
+            v.deinit();
+        }
+        self.images.deinit();
+    }
+
+    { // FREE SAMPLERS
+        var it = self.samplers.valueIterator();
+        while (it.next()) |v| {
+            v.deinit();
+        }
+        self.samplers.deinit();
+    }
+
+    { // FREE TEXTURES
+        var it = self.textures.valueIterator();
+        while (it.next()) |v| {
+            v.deinit();
+        }
+        self.textures.deinit();
+    }
+
     { // FREE BUFFERS
         var it = self.buffers.valueIterator();
         while (it.next()) |v| {

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/adapter.zig

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
+const common = @import("../../common.zig");
 const VKBackend = @import("../vulkan.zig");
-const AdapterConfig = @import("../../root.zig").AdapterConfig;
-const GpuType = @import("../../root.zig").GpuType;
+const AdapterConfig = common.AdapterConfig;
+const GPUType = common.GPUType;
 const Self = @This();
 
 //
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ fn findGraphicsQueueFamily(
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
-fn isDeviceSuitable(device: vk.VkPhysicalDevice, gpu_type: GpuType) !bool {
+fn isDeviceSuitable(device: vk.VkPhysicalDevice, gpu_type: GPUType) !bool {
     var properties: vk.VkPhysicalDeviceProperties = .{};
     vk.vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &properties);
 

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/buffer.zig

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const Self = @This();
 
-const common = @import("../../root.zig");
+const common = @import("../../common.zig");
 const Adapter = @import("adapter.zig");
 const Device = @import("device.zig");
 const BufferUsage = common.BufferUsage;
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ pub fn init(
         .usage = switch (usage) {
             .vertex => vk.VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
             .index => vk.VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            .image => vk.VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
         },
         .sharingMode = switch (sharing) {
             .exclusive => vk.VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
@@ -123,7 +124,12 @@ pub fn set(
     }
 
     const dst: [*]u8 = @ptrCast(mapped.?);
-    const src: [*]const u8 = @ptrCast(&value);
+
+    const src: [*]const u8 = switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(value))) {
+        .optional => @ptrCast(value.?),
+        .pointer => @ptrCast(value),
+        else => @ptrCast(&value),
+    };
 
     @memcpy(dst[0..size], src[0..size]);
 

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/device.zig

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ pub const QueueFamilies = struct {
 // FIELDS
 //
 
-raw: *vk.VkDevice_T,
+raw: vk.VkDevice,
 physical_device: vk.VkPhysicalDevice,
 graphics_queue: *vk.VkQueue_T,
 present_queue: *vk.VkQueue_T,
-graphics_command_pool: *vk.VkCommandPool_T,
+graphics_command_pool: vk.VkCommandPool,
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -109,19 +109,26 @@ pub fn init(
     vk.vkGetDeviceQueue(device, queue_families.present.?, 0, &present_queue);
 
     return .{
-        .raw = device.?,
+        .raw = device,
         .physical_device = adapter.raw,
         .graphics_queue = graphics_queue.?,
         .present_queue = present_queue.?,
-        .graphics_command_pool = graphics_command_pool.?,
+        .graphics_command_pool = graphics_command_pool,
     };
 }
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
-    vk.vkDestroyCommandPool(self.raw, self.graphics_command_pool, null);
-    vk.vkDestroyDevice(self.raw, null);
+    if (self.graphics_command_pool) |raw| {
+        vk.vkDestroyCommandPool(self.raw, raw, null);
+        self.graphics_command_pool = null;
+    }
+
+    if (self.raw) |raw| {
+        vk.vkDestroyDevice(raw, null);
+        self.raw = null;
+    }
 }
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/image.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+//! ----------------------------------------------------
+//! `🗲` Vulkan Image `🗲`
+//! ----------------------------------------------------
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const vk = @import("vulkan");
+const stb = @import("stb_image");
+const common = @import("../../common.zig");
+const Self = @This();
+
+const Adapter = @import("adapter.zig");
+const Device = @import("device.zig");
+
+const ImageConfig = common.ImageConfig;
+const PixelFormat = common.PixelFormat;
+
+//
+// FIELDS
+//
+
+raw: vk.VkImage = null,
+raw_view: vk.VkImageView = null,
+memory: vk.VkDeviceMemory = null,
+
+width: u32 = 0,
+height: u32 = 0,
+format: vk.VkFormat = vk.VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
+mip_levels: u32 = 1,
+
+device: *const Device,
+adapter: *const Adapter,
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn init(
+    config: ImageConfig,
+    adapter: *const Adapter,
+    device: *const Device,
+) !Self {
+    var self: Self = .{
+        .device = device,
+        .adapter = adapter,
+    };
+    errdefer self.deinit();
+
+    // --- DECODE PIXELS ---
+    var loaded: ?[*]u8 = null;
+    var pixels: []const u8 = undefined;
+    var tex_size: [2]i32 = .{ 0, 0 };
+
+    if (config.path) |path| {
+        var tex_channel: i32 = 0;
+        const data = stb.stbi_load(path.ptr, &tex_size[0], &tex_size[1], &tex_channel, stb.STBI_rgb_alpha) orelse {
+            return error.FileNotFound;
+        };
+        loaded = data;
+        pixels = data[0..@as(usize, @intCast(tex_size[0] * tex_size[1] * 4))];
+    } else if (config.data) |data| {
+        pixels = data;
+    } else {
+        return error.MissingImageSource;
+    }
+    defer if (loaded) |data| stb.stbi_image_free(data);
+
+    // --- SIZE ---
+    const size: [2]u32 = blk: {
+        if (config.path) |_| break :blk .{ @intCast(tex_size[0]), @intCast(tex_size[1]) };
+        if (config.size) |size| break :blk size;
+        return error.SizeRequired;
+    };
+
+    self.width = size[0];
+    self.height = size[1];
+    self.mip_levels = config.mip_levels;
+
+    // --- FORMAT ---
+    self.format = switch (config.format) {
+        .rgba8_unorm => vk.VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
+        .rgba8_srgb => vk.VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB,
+        .bgra8_unorm => vk.VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,
+        .bgra8_srgb => vk.VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,
+    };
+
+    // --- IMAGE ---
+    var usage: vk.VkImageUsageFlags = vk.VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | vk.VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
+    switch (config.usage) {
+        .texture => {},
+        .render_target => usage |= vk.VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+    }
+
+    const image_info: vk.VkImageCreateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .imageType = vk.VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+        .extent = .{
+            .width = self.width,
+            .height = self.height,
+            .depth = 1,
+        },
+        .mipLevels = self.mip_levels,
+        .arrayLayers = 1,
+        .format = self.format,
+        .tiling = vk.VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
+        .initialLayout = vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+        .usage = usage,
+        .samples = vk.VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+        .sharingMode = vk.VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+    };
+
+    if (vk.vkCreateImage(device.raw, &image_info, null, &self.raw) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToCreateImage;
+    }
+
+    // --- MEMORY ---
+    var mem_req: vk.VkMemoryRequirements = .{};
+    vk.vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device.raw, self.raw, &mem_req);
+
+    const mem_type = findMemoryType(adapter.raw, mem_req.memoryTypeBits, vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) orelse {
+        return error.FailedToFindSuitableMemoryType;
+    };
+
+    const alloc_info: vk.VkMemoryAllocateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .allocationSize = mem_req.size,
+        .memoryTypeIndex = mem_type,
+    };
+
+    if (vk.vkAllocateMemory(device.raw, &alloc_info, null, &self.memory) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToAllocateImageMemory;
+    }
+    _ = vk.vkBindImageMemory(device.raw, self.raw, self.memory, 0);
+
+    // --- UPLOAD ---
+    try uploadPixels(&self, pixels);
+
+    // --- DEFAULT IMAGE VIEW ---
+    var view_create_info: vk.VkImageViewCreateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+        .image = self.raw,
+        .viewType = vk.VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+        .format = self.format,
+        .components = .{
+            .r = vk.VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+            .g = vk.VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+            .b = vk.VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+            .a = vk.VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+        },
+        .subresourceRange = .{
+            .aspectMask = vk.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = self.mip_levels,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+    };
+
+    if (vk.vkCreateImageView(device.raw, &view_create_info, null, &self.raw_view) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToCreateImageView;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+    if (self.raw_view) |view| {
+        vk.vkDestroyImageView(self.device.raw, view, null);
+    }
+    if (self.memory) |memory| {
+        vk.vkFreeMemory(self.device.raw, memory, null);
+    }
+    if (self.raw) |raw| {
+        vk.vkDestroyImage(self.device.raw, raw, null);
+    }
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// Copy pixels into the image through a one-shot staging upload
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+fn uploadPixels(self: *Self, pixels: []const u8) !void {
+    const device = self.device;
+
+    // --- STAGING BUFFER ---
+    const buffer_info: vk.VkBufferCreateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+        .size = pixels.len,
+        .usage = vk.VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
+        .sharingMode = vk.VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+    };
+
+    var staging: vk.VkBuffer = null;
+    if (vk.vkCreateBuffer(device.raw, &buffer_info, null, &staging) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToCreateStagingBuffer;
+    }
+    defer vk.vkDestroyBuffer(device.raw, staging, null);
+
+    var mem_req: vk.VkMemoryRequirements = .{};
+    vk.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device.raw, staging, &mem_req);
+
+    const mem_type = findMemoryType(self.adapter.raw, mem_req.memoryTypeBits, vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT) orelse {
+        return error.FailedToFindSuitableMemoryType;
+    };
+
+    var staging_memory: vk.VkDeviceMemory = null;
+    const alloc_info: vk.VkMemoryAllocateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .allocationSize = mem_req.size,
+        .memoryTypeIndex = mem_type,
+    };
+    if (vk.vkAllocateMemory(device.raw, &alloc_info, null, &staging_memory) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToAllocateStagingMemory;
+    }
+    defer vk.vkFreeMemory(device.raw, staging_memory, null);
+
+    _ = vk.vkBindBufferMemory(device.raw, staging, staging_memory, 0);
+
+    // --- COPY PIXELS INTO STAGING ---
+    var mapped: ?*anyopaque = null;
+    if (vk.vkMapMemory(device.raw, staging_memory, 0, pixels.len, 0, &mapped) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToMapMemory;
+    }
+    const dst: [*]u8 = @ptrCast(mapped.?);
+    @memcpy(dst[0..pixels.len], pixels);
+    vk.vkUnmapMemory(device.raw, staging_memory);
+
+    // --- ONE-SHOT COMMAND BUFFER ---
+    var cmd: vk.VkCommandBuffer = null;
+    const cmd_alloc_info: vk.VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .commandPool = device.graphics_command_pool,
+        .level = vk.VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+        .commandBufferCount = 1,
+    };
+    if (vk.vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device.raw, &cmd_alloc_info, &cmd) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToAllocateCommandBuffers;
+    }
+    defer vk.vkFreeCommandBuffers(device.raw, device.graphics_command_pool, 1, &cmd);
+
+    const begin_info: vk.VkCommandBufferBeginInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+        .flags = vk.VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
+    };
+    if (vk.vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmd, &begin_info) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToBeginCommandBuffer;
+    }
+
+    // --- UNDEFINED -> TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL ---
+    const pre_barrier: vk.VkImageMemoryBarrier = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+        .srcAccessMask = 0,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk.VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+        .oldLayout = vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+        .newLayout = vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk.VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk.VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = self.raw,
+        .subresourceRange = .{
+            .aspectMask = vk.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = self.mip_levels,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+    };
+    vk.vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
+        cmd,
+        vk.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
+        vk.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+        0,
+        0,
+        null,
+        0,
+        null,
+        1,
+        &pre_barrier,
+    );
+
+    // --- COPY BUFFER -> IMAGE (level 0) ---
+    const region: vk.VkBufferImageCopy = .{
+        .bufferOffset = 0,
+        .bufferRowLength = 0,
+        .bufferImageHeight = 0,
+        .imageSubresource = .{
+            .aspectMask = vk.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+            .mipLevel = 0,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+        .imageOffset = .{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0 },
+        .imageExtent = .{
+            .width = self.width,
+            .height = self.height,
+            .depth = 1,
+        },
+    };
+    vk.vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(cmd, staging, self.raw, vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
+
+    // --- TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL -> SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL ---
+    const post_barrier: vk.VkImageMemoryBarrier = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+        .srcAccessMask = vk.VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk.VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+        .oldLayout = vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
+        .newLayout = vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = vk.VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = vk.VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = self.raw,
+        .subresourceRange = .{
+            .aspectMask = vk.VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = self.mip_levels,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+    };
+    vk.vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
+        cmd,
+        vk.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+        vk.VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
+        0,
+        0,
+        null,
+        0,
+        null,
+        1,
+        &post_barrier,
+    );
+
+    if (vk.vkEndCommandBuffer(cmd) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToEndCommandBuffer;
+    }
+
+    // --- SUBMIT + WAIT ---
+    const submit_info: vk.VkSubmitInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+        .commandBufferCount = 1,
+        .pCommandBuffers = &cmd,
+    };
+
+    if (vk.vkQueueSubmit(device.graphics_queue, 1, &submit_info, null) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToSubmitCommandBuffer;
+    }
+    if (vk.vkQueueWaitIdle(device.graphics_queue) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToWaitForQueue;
+    }
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+fn findMemoryType(
+    physical_device: vk.VkPhysicalDevice,
+    type_bits: u32,
+    properties: vk.VkMemoryPropertyFlags,
+) ?u32 {
+    var mem_props: vk.VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = .{};
+    vk.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physical_device, &mem_props);
+
+    for (0..mem_props.memoryTypeCount) |i| {
+        if ((type_bits & (@as(u32, 1) << @intCast(i))) != 0 and
+            (mem_props.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties)
+        {
+            return @intCast(i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+}

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/pipeline.zig

@@ -5,13 +5,19 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
+const common = @import("../../common.zig");
 const VulkanRHI = @import("../vulkan.zig");
 const Self = @This();
 
 const Device = @import("device.zig");
 const Swapchain = @import("swapchain.zig");
-const Config = @import("../../root.zig").PipelineConfig;
-const UniformDesc = @import("../../root.zig").UniformDesc;
+const VKTexture = @import("texture.zig");
+const Config = common.PipelineConfig;
+const UniformDesc = common.UniformDesc;
+const MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = VulkanRHI.MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
+const MAX_BINDINGS = 16;
+const MAX_TEXTURES = 16;
+const MAX_WRITES = MAX_BINDINGS;
 
 //
 // FIELDS
@@ -23,12 +29,14 @@ device: *const Device,
 
 descriptor_set_layout: vk.VkDescriptorSetLayout = null,
 descriptor_pool: vk.VkDescriptorPool = null,
-descriptor_set: vk.VkDescriptorSet = null,
+descriptor_sets: [MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT]vk.VkDescriptorSet = .{null} ** MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT,
 
-uniform_buffer: vk.VkBuffer = null,
-uniform_memory: vk.VkDeviceMemory = null,
+uniform_buffers: [MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT]vk.VkBuffer = .{null} ** MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT,
+uniform_memories: [MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT]vk.VkDeviceMemory = .{null} ** MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT,
 uniforms: []UniformDesc,
 
+vulkan: *VulkanRHI,
+
 alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -43,6 +51,7 @@ pub fn init(
     var self: Self = .{
         .device = device,
         .uniforms = &.{},
+        .vulkan = vulkan,
         .alloc = alloc,
     };
     errdefer self.deinit();
@@ -67,20 +76,38 @@ pub fn init(
 
     var set_layout: vk.VkDescriptorSetLayout = null;
 
-    if (uniform_size > 0) {
-        const bindings = [_]vk.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding{
-            .{
+    const texture_count = config.textures.len;
+    const has_descriptors = uniform_size > 0 or texture_count > 0;
+
+    if (has_descriptors) {
+        var bindings: [MAX_BINDINGS]vk.VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding = undefined;
+        var binding_count: u32 = 0;
+
+        if (uniform_size > 0) {
+            bindings[binding_count] = .{
                 .binding = 0,
                 .descriptorType = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
                 .descriptorCount = 1,
                 .stageFlags = vk.VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | vk.VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
                 .pImmutableSamplers = null,
-            },
-        };
+            };
+            binding_count += 1;
+        }
+
+        for (0..texture_count) |i| {
+            bindings[binding_count] = .{
+                .binding = @intCast(i + 1),
+                .descriptorType = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                .descriptorCount = 1,
+                .stageFlags = vk.VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+                .pImmutableSamplers = null,
+            };
+            binding_count += 1;
+        }
 
         var set_layout_info: vk.VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo = .{
             .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-            .bindingCount = bindings.len,
+            .bindingCount = binding_count,
             .pBindings = &bindings,
         };
 
@@ -253,6 +280,17 @@ pub fn init(
         .alphaBlendOp = vk.VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
     };
 
+    switch (config.blend_mode) {
+        .none => {},
+        .alpha => {
+            color_blend_attachment.blendEnable = vk.VK_TRUE;
+            color_blend_attachment.srcColorBlendFactor = vk.VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
+            color_blend_attachment.dstColorBlendFactor = vk.VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+            color_blend_attachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = vk.VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+            color_blend_attachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = vk.VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        },
+    }
+
     var color_blending: vk.VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo = .{
         .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
         .logicOpEnable = vk.VK_FALSE,
@@ -298,65 +336,38 @@ pub fn init(
     // UNIFORM BUFFER + DESCRIPTORS
     //
 
-    if (uniform_size > 0) {
-        var buffer_info: vk.VkBufferCreateInfo = .{
-            .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
-            .size = uniform_size,
-            .usage = vk.VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
-            .sharingMode = vk.VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
-        };
-
-        var uniform_buffer: vk.VkBuffer = null;
-        if (vk.vkCreateBuffer(device.raw, &buffer_info, null, &uniform_buffer) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
-            return error.FailedToCreateUniformBuffer;
+    if (has_descriptors) {
+        // --- RESOLVE TEXTURES ---
+        var textures: [MAX_TEXTURES]*VKTexture = undefined;
+        for (config.textures, 0..) |handle, i| {
+            textures[i] = vulkan.resource.textures.get(handle) orelse return error.TextureNotFound;
         }
-        self.uniform_buffer = uniform_buffer.?;
-
-        var mem_req: vk.VkMemoryRequirements = .{};
-        var mem_props: vk.VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = .{};
-
-        vk.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device.raw, uniform_buffer, &mem_req);
-        vk.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(device.physical_device, &mem_props);
-
-        var mem_type: u32 = 0;
-        for (0..mem_props.memoryTypeCount) |i| {
-            if ((mem_req.memoryTypeBits & (@as(u32, 1) << @intCast(i))) != 0 and
-                (mem_props.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags &
-                    (vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
-                        vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)) != 0)
-            {
-                mem_type = @intCast(i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        var alloc_info: vk.VkMemoryAllocateInfo = .{
-            .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-            .allocationSize = mem_req.size,
-            .memoryTypeIndex = mem_type,
-        };
-
-        var uniform_memory: vk.VkDeviceMemory = null;
-        if (vk.vkAllocateMemory(device.raw, &alloc_info, null, &uniform_memory) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
-            return error.FailedToAllocateUniformMemory;
-        }
-        self.uniform_memory = uniform_memory;
-
-        _ = vk.vkBindBufferMemory(device.raw, uniform_buffer, uniform_memory, 0);
 
         // --- DESCRIPTOR POOL ---
-        const pool_sizes = [_]vk.VkDescriptorPoolSize{
-            .{
+        var pool_sizes: [2]vk.VkDescriptorPoolSize = undefined;
+        var pool_size_count: u32 = 0;
+
+        if (uniform_size > 0) {
+            pool_sizes[pool_size_count] = .{
                 .type = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
-                .descriptorCount = 1,
-            },
-        };
+                .descriptorCount = @intCast(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT),
+            };
+            pool_size_count += 1;
+        }
+
+        if (texture_count > 0) {
+            pool_sizes[pool_size_count] = .{
+                .type = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                .descriptorCount = @intCast(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT * texture_count),
+            };
+            pool_size_count += 1;
+        }
 
         var pool_info: vk.VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo = .{
             .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
-            .poolSizeCount = pool_sizes.len,
+            .poolSizeCount = pool_size_count,
             .pPoolSizes = &pool_sizes,
-            .maxSets = 1,
+            .maxSets = @intCast(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT),
         };
 
         var descriptor_pool: vk.VkDescriptorPool = null;
@@ -365,36 +376,113 @@ pub fn init(
         }
         self.descriptor_pool = descriptor_pool.?;
 
-        // --- DESCRIPTOR SET ---
-        var set_alloc_info: vk.VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo = .{
-            .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-            .descriptorPool = descriptor_pool,
-            .descriptorSetCount = 1,
-            .pSetLayouts = @ptrCast(&self.descriptor_set_layout),
-        };
+        // --- PER-FRAME UNIFORM BUFFER + DESCRIPTOR SET ---
+        for (0..MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT) |frame| {
+            if (uniform_size > 0) {
+                var buffer_info: vk.VkBufferCreateInfo = .{
+                    .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+                    .size = uniform_size,
+                    .usage = vk.VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+                    .sharingMode = vk.VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+                };
 
-        if (vk.vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device.raw, &set_alloc_info, &self.descriptor_set) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
-            return error.FailedToAllocateDescriptorSets;
+                var uniform_buffer: vk.VkBuffer = null;
+                if (vk.vkCreateBuffer(device.raw, &buffer_info, null, &uniform_buffer) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+                    return error.FailedToCreateUniformBuffer;
+                }
+                self.uniform_buffers[frame] = uniform_buffer.?;
+
+                var mem_req: vk.VkMemoryRequirements = .{};
+                var mem_props: vk.VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties = .{};
+
+                vk.vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device.raw, uniform_buffer, &mem_req);
+                vk.vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(device.physical_device, &mem_props);
+
+                var mem_type: u32 = 0;
+                for (0..mem_props.memoryTypeCount) |i| {
+                    if ((mem_req.memoryTypeBits & (@as(u32, 1) << @intCast(i))) != 0 and
+                        (mem_props.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags &
+                            (vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
+                                vk.VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)) != 0)
+                    {
+                        mem_type = @intCast(i);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var alloc_info: vk.VkMemoryAllocateInfo = .{
+                    .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+                    .allocationSize = mem_req.size,
+                    .memoryTypeIndex = mem_type,
+                };
+
+                var uniform_memory: vk.VkDeviceMemory = null;
+                if (vk.vkAllocateMemory(device.raw, &alloc_info, null, &uniform_memory) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+                    return error.FailedToAllocateUniformMemory;
+                }
+                self.uniform_memories[frame] = uniform_memory;
+
+                _ = vk.vkBindBufferMemory(device.raw, uniform_buffer, uniform_memory, 0);
+            }
+
+            // --- DESCRIPTOR SET ---
+            var set_alloc_info: vk.VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo = .{
+                .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+                .descriptorPool = descriptor_pool,
+                .descriptorSetCount = 1,
+                .pSetLayouts = @ptrCast(&self.descriptor_set_layout),
+            };
+
+            if (vk.vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device.raw, &set_alloc_info, &self.descriptor_sets[frame]) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+                return error.FailedToAllocateDescriptorSets;
+            }
+
+            // --- WRITE DESCRIPTOR SET ---
+            var writes: [MAX_WRITES]vk.VkWriteDescriptorSet = undefined;
+            var write_count: u32 = 0;
+            var buffer_descriptor: vk.VkDescriptorBufferInfo = undefined;
+            var image_descriptors: [MAX_TEXTURES]vk.VkDescriptorImageInfo = undefined;
+
+            if (uniform_size > 0) {
+                buffer_descriptor = .{
+                    .buffer = self.uniform_buffers[frame],
+                    .offset = 0,
+                    .range = uniform_size,
+                };
+
+                writes[write_count] = .{
+                    .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                    .dstSet = self.descriptor_sets[frame],
+                    .dstBinding = 0,
+                    .dstArrayElement = 0,
+                    .descriptorCount = 1,
+                    .descriptorType = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+                    .pBufferInfo = &buffer_descriptor,
+                };
+                write_count += 1;
+            }
+
+            for (textures[0..texture_count], 0..) |texture, i| {
+                image_descriptors[i] = .{
+                    .imageView = texture.image.raw_view,
+                    .sampler = texture.sampler.raw,
+                    .imageLayout = vk.VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
+                };
+
+                writes[write_count] = .{
+                    .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+                    .dstSet = self.descriptor_sets[frame],
+                    .dstBinding = @intCast(i + 1),
+                    .dstArrayElement = 0,
+                    .descriptorCount = 1,
+                    .descriptorType = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
+                    .pImageInfo = &image_descriptors[i],
+                };
+                write_count += 1;
+            }
+
+            vk.vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device.raw, write_count, &writes, 0, null);
         }
-
-        // --- WRITE DESCRIPTOR SET ---
-        const buffer_descriptor: vk.VkDescriptorBufferInfo = .{
-            .buffer = uniform_buffer,
-            .offset = 0,
-            .range = uniform_size,
-        };
-
-        const write_descriptor: vk.VkWriteDescriptorSet = .{
-            .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .dstSet = self.descriptor_set,
-            .dstBinding = 0,
-            .dstArrayElement = 0,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .descriptorType = vk.VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
-            .pBufferInfo = &buffer_descriptor,
-        };
-
-        vk.vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device.raw, 1, &write_descriptor, 0, null);
     }
 
     return self;
@@ -409,11 +497,15 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
     if (self.descriptor_pool) |pool| {
         vk.vkDestroyDescriptorPool(self.device.raw, pool, null);
     }
-    if (self.uniform_memory) |memory| {
-        vk.vkFreeMemory(self.device.raw, memory, null);
+    for (&self.uniform_memories) |memory| {
+        if (memory) |m| {
+            vk.vkFreeMemory(self.device.raw, m, null);
+        }
     }
-    if (self.uniform_buffer) |buffer| {
-        vk.vkDestroyBuffer(self.device.raw, buffer, null);
+    for (&self.uniform_buffers) |buffer| {
+        if (buffer) |b| {
+            vk.vkDestroyBuffer(self.device.raw, b, null);
+        }
     }
     if (self.layout) |layout| {
         vk.vkDestroyPipelineLayout(self.device.raw, layout, null);
@@ -428,6 +520,7 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
 /// Set a uniform value by name
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn setUniform(self: *Self, name: []const u8, value: anytype) !void {
+    const uniform_memory = self.uniform_memories[self.vulkan.current_frame];
     for (self.uniforms) |uniform| {
         if (std.mem.eql(u8, uniform.name, name)) {
             if (@sizeOf(@TypeOf(value)) > uniform.size) {
@@ -437,7 +530,7 @@ pub fn setUniform(self: *Self, name: []const u8, value: anytype) !void {
             var mapped: ?*anyopaque = null;
             if (vk.vkMapMemory(
                 self.device.raw,
-                self.uniform_memory,
+                uniform_memory,
                 uniform.offset,
                 uniform.size,
                 0,
@@ -450,7 +543,7 @@ pub fn setUniform(self: *Self, name: []const u8, value: anytype) !void {
             const src: [*]const u8 = @ptrCast(&value);
             @memcpy(dst[0..@sizeOf(@TypeOf(value))], src[0..@sizeOf(@TypeOf(value))]);
 
-            vk.vkUnmapMemory(self.device.raw, self.uniform_memory);
+            vk.vkUnmapMemory(self.device.raw, uniform_memory);
             return;
         }
     }

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/sampler.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//! ----------------------------------------------------
+//! `🗲` Vulkan Sampler `🗲`
+//! ----------------------------------------------------
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const vk = @import("vulkan");
+const common = @import("../../common.zig");
+const Self = @This();
+
+const Device = @import("device.zig");
+
+const SamplerConfig = common.SamplerConfig;
+
+//
+// FIELDS
+//
+
+raw: *vk.VkSampler_T,
+device: *const Device,
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn init(
+    config: SamplerConfig,
+    device: *const Device,
+) !Self {
+    var create_info: vk.VkSamplerCreateInfo = .{
+        .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO,
+        .magFilter = switch (config.mag_filter) {
+            .nearest => vk.VK_FILTER_NEAREST,
+            .linear => vk.VK_FILTER_LINEAR,
+        },
+        .minFilter = switch (config.min_filter) {
+            .nearest => vk.VK_FILTER_NEAREST,
+            .linear => vk.VK_FILTER_LINEAR,
+        },
+        .mipmapMode = switch (config.mipmap_mode) {
+            .nearest => vk.VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST,
+            .linear => vk.VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR,
+        },
+        .addressModeU = switch (config.address_u) {
+            .repeat => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
+            .mirrored_repeat => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT,
+            .clamp_to_edge => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
+            .clamp_to_border => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER,
+        },
+        .addressModeV = switch (config.address_v) {
+            .repeat => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
+            .mirrored_repeat => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT,
+            .clamp_to_edge => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
+            .clamp_to_border => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER,
+        },
+        .addressModeW = switch (config.address_w) {
+            .repeat => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT,
+            .mirrored_repeat => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT,
+            .clamp_to_edge => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
+            .clamp_to_border => vk.VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER,
+        },
+        .mipLodBias = 0.0,
+        .anisotropyEnable = if (config.max_anisotropy > 1.0) vk.VK_TRUE else vk.VK_FALSE,
+        .maxAnisotropy = config.max_anisotropy,
+        .compareEnable = vk.VK_FALSE,
+        .compareOp = vk.VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+        .minLod = 0.0,
+        .maxLod = if (config.max_lod > 0) config.max_lod else vk.VK_LOD_CLAMP_NONE,
+        .borderColor = vk.VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK,
+        .unnormalizedCoordinates = vk.VK_FALSE,
+    };
+
+    var sampler: vk.VkSampler = null;
+    if (vk.vkCreateSampler(device.raw, &create_info, null, &sampler) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
+        return error.FailedToCreateSampler;
+    }
+
+    return .{
+        .raw = sampler.?,
+        .device = device,
+    };
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+    vk.vkDestroySampler(self.device.raw, self.raw, null);
+}

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/surface.zig

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const Instance = @import("../instance.zig");
-const Window = @import("../../root.zig").Window;
+const Window = @import("../../common.zig").Window;
 const Self = @This();
 
 //

src/rhi/vulkan/resource/texture.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//! ----------------------------------------------------
+//! `🗲` Vulkan Texture `🗲`
+//! ----------------------------------------------------
+
+const vk = @import("vulkan");
+const common = @import("../../common.zig");
+const Self = @This();
+
+const Adapter = @import("adapter.zig");
+const Device = @import("device.zig");
+const VKImage = @import("image.zig");
+const VKSampler = @import("sampler.zig");
+
+const TextureConfig = common.TextureConfig;
+
+//
+// FIELDS
+//
+
+image: VKImage,
+sampler: VKSampler,
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn init(
+    config: TextureConfig,
+    adapter: *const Adapter,
+    device: *const Device,
+) !Self {
+    var image = try VKImage.init(config.image, adapter, device);
+    errdefer image.deinit();
+
+    return .{
+        .image = image,
+        .sampler = try VKSampler.init(config.sampler, device),
+    };
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+    self.sampler.deinit();
+    self.image.deinit();
+}

src/rhi/vulkan/surface.zig

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-//! ----------------------------------------------------
-//! `🗲` Vulkan Surface `🗲`
-//! ----------------------------------------------------
-
-const std = @import("std");
-const vk = @import("vulkan");
-const Instance = @import("instance.zig");
-const Window = @import("../root.zig").Window;
-const Self = @This();
-
-//
-// FIELDS
-//
-
-raw: *vk.VkSurfaceKHR_T,
-
-/// ----------------------------------------------------
-/// ----------------------------------------------------
-pub fn init(
-    instance: *Instance,
-    window: Window,
-) !Self {
-    const surface: *vk.VkSurfaceKHR_T = blk: {
-        var raw: vk.VkSurfaceKHR = null;
-        switch (window) {
-            .xlib => |v| {
-                var info: vk.VkXlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR = .{
-                    .sType = vk.VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_XLIB_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-                    .window = v.window,
-                    .dpy = @ptrCast(v.display),
-                };
-
-                if (vk.vkCreateXlibSurfaceKHR(instance.raw, &info, null, &raw) != vk.VK_SUCCESS) {
-                    return error.FailedToCreateXlibSurfaceKHR;
-                }
-
-                break :blk raw.?;
-            },
-            else => return error.NotImplementedYet,
-        }
-        return error.FailedToCreateSurface;
-    };
-
-    return .{
-        .raw = surface,
-    };
-}
-
-/// ----------------------------------------------------
-/// ----------------------------------------------------
-pub fn deinit(self: *Self, instance: *Instance) void {
-    vk.vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance.raw, self.raw, null);
-}

src/rhi/vulkan/vulkan.zig

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const vk = @import("vulkan");
 const gtl = @import("gtl");
-const common = @import("../root.zig");
+const common = @import("../common.zig");
 
 const Instance = @import("instance.zig");
 const Resource = @import("resource.zig");
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ const BufferSharingMode = common.BufferSharingMode;
 const AdapterConfig = common.AdapterConfig;
 const RenderPassConfig = common.RenderPassConfig;
 const PipelineConfig = common.PipelineConfig;
+const ImageConfig = common.ImageConfig;
+const SamplerConfig = common.SamplerConfig;
+const TextureConfig = common.TextureConfig;
 
 // --- HANDLES ---
 const Adapter = common.Adapter;
@@ -33,8 +36,13 @@ const Buffer = common.Buffer;
 const Shader = common.Shader;
 const Pipeline = common.Pipeline;
 
+const Image = common.Image;
+const ImageView = common.ImageView;
+const Sampler = common.Sampler;
+const Texture = common.Texture;
+
 // --- # ---
-const MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT: usize = 3;
+pub const MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT: usize = 3;
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
@@ -116,6 +124,18 @@ pub fn makeAdapter(self: *Self, config: AdapterConfig) !Handle(Adapter) {
     return try self.resource.adapters.put(try .init(self, config));
 }
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn releaseAdapter(self: *Self, adapter: Handle(Adapter)) void {
+    if (self.resource.adapters.get(adapter)) |_| {}
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn deleteAdapter(self: *Self, adapter: Handle(Adapter)) void {
+    self.resource.adapters.remove(adapter) catch unreachable;
+}
+
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn makeDevice(
@@ -130,13 +150,28 @@ pub fn makeDevice(
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
-pub fn destroyDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) !void {
+pub fn deleteDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) void {
     if (self.resource.devices.get(device)) |raw| {
         raw.deinit();
-        try self.resource.devices.remove(device);
+        self.resource.devices.remove(device) catch unreachable;
     }
 }
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn releaseDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) void {
+    if (self.resource.devices.get(device)) |raw| {
+        raw.deinit();
+    }
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn getRAWDevice(self: *Self, device: Handle(Device)) ?*vk.VkDevice_T {
+    if (self.resource.devices.get(device)) |raw| return raw.raw;
+    return null;
+}
+
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn makeSurface(self: *Self) !Handle(Surface) {
@@ -183,6 +218,43 @@ pub fn makePipeline(self: *Self, config: PipelineConfig) !Handle(Pipeline) {
     return try self.resource.pipelines.put(try .init(raw_swapchain, raw_device, config, self, self.alloc));
 }
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn makeImage(
+    self: *Self,
+    config: ImageConfig,
+    adapter: Handle(Adapter),
+    device: Handle(Device),
+) !Handle(Image) {
+    const raw_adapter = self.resource.adapters.get(adapter) orelse return error.AdapterNotFound;
+    const raw_device = self.resource.devices.get(device) orelse return error.DeviceNotFound;
+    return try self.resource.images.put(try .init(config, raw_adapter, raw_device));
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn makeSampler(
+    self: *Self,
+    config: SamplerConfig,
+    device: Handle(Device),
+) !Handle(Sampler) {
+    const raw_device = self.resource.devices.get(device) orelse return error.DeviceNotFound;
+    return try self.resource.samplers.put(try .init(config, raw_device));
+}
+
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn makeTexture(
+    self: *Self,
+    config: TextureConfig,
+    adapter: Handle(Adapter),
+    device: Handle(Device),
+) !Handle(Texture) {
+    const raw_adapter = self.resource.adapters.get(adapter) orelse return error.AdapterNotFound;
+    const raw_device = self.resource.devices.get(device) orelse return error.DeviceNotFound;
+    return try self.resource.textures.put(try .init(config, raw_adapter, raw_device));
+}
+
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn makeBuffer(
@@ -198,6 +270,24 @@ pub fn makeBuffer(
     return try self.resource.buffers.put(try .init(size, usage, sharing, raw_adapter, raw_device));
 }
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn bindBuffer(self: *Self, buffer: Handle(Buffer)) !void {
+    const raw = self.resource.buffers.get(buffer) orelse return error.BufferNotFound;
+    const frame = self.currentFrame();
+
+    if (frame.cmd_buf) |cmd| {
+        const buffers = [_]vk.VkBuffer{raw.raw};
+        const offsets = [_]vk.VkDeviceSize{0};
+
+        switch (raw.usage) {
+            .vertex => vk.vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd, 0, 1, &buffers, &offsets),
+            .index => vk.vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(cmd, raw.raw, 0, vk.VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32),
+            .image => {}, // TODO:
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 //
 // FRAME + RENDERING
 //
@@ -212,7 +302,7 @@ pub fn beginFrame(
     const raw_device = self.resource.devices.get(device) orelse return error.DeviceNotFound;
     const raw_swapchain = self.resource.swapchains.get(swapchain) orelse return error.SwapchainNotFound;
 
-    try self.ensureFrameSync(raw_device.raw, raw_swapchain.raw);
+    try self.ensureFrameSync(raw_device.raw.?, raw_swapchain.raw);
 
     const frame = self.currentFrame();
 
@@ -504,7 +594,7 @@ pub fn bindPipeline(self: *Self, pipeline: Handle(Pipeline)) !void {
     const raw_pipeline = self.resource.pipelines.get(pipeline) orelse return error.PipelineNotFound;
     const frame = self.currentFrame();
     vk.vkCmdBindPipeline(frame.cmd_buf, vk.VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, raw_pipeline.raw.?);
-    if (raw_pipeline.descriptor_set) |set| {
+    if (raw_pipeline.descriptor_sets[self.current_frame]) |set| {
         vk.vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(
             frame.cmd_buf,
             vk.VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
@@ -527,10 +617,19 @@ pub fn setUniform(self: *Self, pipeline: Handle(Pipeline), name: []const u8, val
 
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
-pub fn draw(self: *Self, vertex_count: u32, instance_count: u32, first_vertex: u32, first_instance: u32) !void {
+pub fn draw(self: *Self, vertex_count: u32, instance_count: u32, first_vertex: u32, first_instance: u32) void {
     vk.vkCmdDraw(self.currentFrame().cmd_buf, vertex_count, instance_count, first_vertex, first_instance);
 }
 
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+/// ----------------------------------------------------
+pub fn drawIndexed(self: *Self, index_count: u32, instance_count: u32, first_index: u32, vertex_offset: i32, first_instance: u32) void {
+    const frame = self.currentFrame();
+    if (frame.cmd_buf) |cmd| {
+        vk.vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, index_count, instance_count, first_index, vertex_offset, first_instance);
+    }
+}
+
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 /// ----------------------------------------------------
 pub fn currentFrame(self: *Self) *Frame {

src/vendor/sdl3/sdl.h

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-#include <SDL3/SDL.h>

src/vendor/stb_image/stb_image.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"

zls.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{ "enable_build_on_save": true, "build_on_save_step": "check" }